Yes, taxis in Abu Dhabi can take you beyond the city, so getting to Yas Island should be quite straightforward. Yas Island is around 25 minutes from Abu Dhabi, and official tourism information confirms that metered taxis, Uber, and Careem are available for the journey. You can also use the Abu Dhabi Taxi app or book by calling the official taxi service. If you prefer public transport, buses and complimentary Yas Express services are additional options.
For anyone planning religious travel in Saudi Arabia, I also came across a service called umrah package from khobar by bus that offers organized bus-based Umrah travel options. It may be worth checking out if you are planning an Umrah trip from Khobar and want a more organized transportation arrangement. Overall, for your Yas Island visit, I would recommend booking a taxi through the official app for convenience and peace of mind.