haha okay, well N=1 and like anything context matters. If you look at the full text they look at one marker, in a controlled setting. There’s no way to control for all of the variables of how it might help or hurt.
placebo effect is an effect to.
Could he be more motivated by seeing a cosmetic pump? Absolutely. But is it doing something so direct physiologically – probably not so much (according to the studies) but see above as to how to apply that.